Crystalizing Both Method and Products – European Rural Development
Crystalizing Both Method and Products – European Rural Development
A curious feature of European rural development initiatives stresses the importance not only of profit and physical gains but also the preservation on traditional ways and means. Throughout European history, rural development almost always means agricultural development. Amidst the high level of industrialization of many of the members of the European Union (EU), the importance of rural development occupy still one of the community’s top priorities. The considerably large size of population that resides in rural areas constitutes an object of concern for policy makers alongside with the question of food security and increased agricultural production.
Eileen Wang in her article explored the recent features and concerns in European rural development initiatives and provided a broad picture of recent developments. The significance of agriculture in EU has nevertheless manifested by the provision of the Community Agricultural Policy (CAP) which consumes a relatively large amount of EU budget allocation.
Agricultural states benefit on this policy in terms of financial assistance and both domestic and international aids from EU as a whole. Because of its significance furthermore, the CAP issue has been object of debates and controversy.
According to Wang, the CAP is instrumental in the evolution of rural development in Europe. Its provisions not only stress the importance of production but also the quality of life of farmers. Recently, an additional provision, the Second Pillar of the CAP was introduced in order to further enhance the utility of the CAP. This Second Pillar highlights the importance of food security, environmental concerns, and the preservation of traditions and culture of agricultural areas.
The main topic addressed by this Second Pillar pertains to the Rural Development Regulation (RDR). Such regulation provides opportunities for nations with agricultural sectors to choose from menus of devices, programs and mechanisms in their own contexts, in order to meet national agricultural and rural development priorities. This idea of a bottom-up approach is a reaction to the perceived ineffectiveness of a government-driven top-down approach considering the diversity of European states. A mandate at the Community level is seen to be inapplicable confronted with variations in the state level of EU members.
The introduction of alternative enterprises in the rural areas is yet another development says Wang. Provisions on Alternative Farm Enterprises (AFEs) contribute largely to the continuation of the farming tradition because farmers now can have additional sources of income. Interestingly enough, the idea of agri-tourism has already been exploited in Italy in their program entitled “agro-torismo.” Among others, EU has also established a non-elected local agency in states to aid agricultural programs and increase the level of awareness among farmers.
Despite these developments however, major issues still hinder the total efficiency of rural development initiatives. The preservation of tradition and culture, although remains a top priority, is still threatened by the effects of globalization. Issues related to repopulation of rural areas, loss of community identity and the rising prices of properties also adds to the loads of disadvantages that come along rural development configurations.
Crystalizing Both Methods and Products: European Rural Development Current Issues in European Rural Development
By Eileen Wang Community Economics Newsletter May 2003
Review by Brian F. Diaz